Baptism of the Holy Spirit

Baptism of the Holy Spirit is the situation whereby a believer is brought into union with Christ through the power of the spirit of God, the believer is at the same time brought into union with other believers within the body of Christ during the period of salvation. In the book of 1Corinthians 12:12-13 the issue regarding baptism of the Holy Spirit is deeply discussed â€Å"For we were all baptized by one spirit into one body – whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free- and we were all given the one Spirit to drink† 1 Corinthians 12:13.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Baptism of the Holy Spirit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same sentiments are reflected in Romans 6:1-4 where the believer’s position before God is described in detail is says thus â€Å"What shall we say, then? Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase? By no means! We died to sin; how can we live in it any longer? Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.† The message on the book of first Corinthians 12:13, indicates clearly that all believers have undergone baptism the same way they have been given Spirit to drink which indwells them (Lock 1897, 65-74). The reality of every believer depends on being baptized of the Holy Ghost according to Ephesians 4:5. The baptism of the Holy Ghost in reality joins believers to the body of Christ and at the same time actualizes believers’ co-crucifixion with Christ. The sharing in the body of Christ makes us one with him and therefore considered risen with Him to newness of life (Romans 6:4). The basis for unity within the church revolves around the experience of one Spirit baptism as revealed in th e book of Ephesians 4:5. Thus the experience of being associated with Christ in His death and resurrection through Spirit baptism gives the meaning to our nature of separation from the power of sin and being renewed in our daily life (Talbert 1984). In the book of Acts, Apostle Paul challenged believers at that time by asking them if they had received the Holy Ghost since they believed Acts 19:2. This reveals that Paul considered the reality behind the Spirit’s baptism to be one of the mandatory experiences in a believer’s life (Brawley 1987). He further emphasized this to the Ephesians in Eph 5:18. Condition According to the New Testament, every believer is under obligation to obey God’s laws. This is since there is no justification in God’s sight unless one devotes himself to complete obedience to the law of God. The laws of the Lord must be honored and reverenced through the help of His Spirit.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion th eology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, there are ways believers can follow to ensure maintenance of what is referred to as perfect obedience; these include ways of legalism and ways of the gospel since the two methods do not permit any form of compromise. The Old Testament reveals that man obedience to God’s laws entitles a believer to claim God’s promise of everlasting life. In the book of Romans 10:5, it is written that whether a believer aspires towards life attainment with God’s help or not creates no difference according to Moses writings. However, this is contrary to the issue on being filled with the Holy Ghost since the reception of God’s Spirit cannot be attained through human effort. The experience of being filled with the Holy Ghost is revealed not as a reward for a sanctified life (Walker 1985, 3-23). The Bible reveals in the book of Romans 3:23 â€Å"For all have sinned, and all c ontinue to come short of the divine glory.† This brings us to the predicament that none of the sons of Adam has got the ability to render the obedience worthy of the Spirit of God. Therefore the sinful nature of man makes him appear unacceptable on the basis of his performance as further revealed in the book of Romans 3:20 â€Å"By the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in His sight for by the law is the knowledge of sin.† Therefore it is only the way of the gospel through which man can be able to fulfill the conditions towards being filled with the Spirit of life. Jesus Christ came to the Earth to take the place of being the new head of humanity and making the substitute of every man by dying on the cross in our stead saving us from the penalty of disobedience. Jesus Christ’s death on the cross made full compensation for the law’s penalty against sin, hence in 2 Corinthians 5:14 Paul declares â€Å"We look at it like this: if one died for all men, then, in a sense, they all died.† The condition which was required by God for the out pouring of His Spirit upon all flesh was the atoning sacrifice which Christ gave on the cross. The cry of Jesus Christ on the cross broke every barrier towards freedom of receiving gift of the spirit (Lock 1897, 65-74). Therefore, the Holy Spirit is given based on Jesus’ atonement as reflected by Paul in Galatians 3: 10, 13. Method of receiving the Holy Spirit Jesus Christ fulfilled all the conditions enabling believers to willingly receive the Holy Ghost. In Galatians 3:1-2 the Spirit is communicated simply through the word of God in the Gospel and by faith Galatians 3:1-2. This shows that the Spirit is received by the hearing of the word of God.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Baptism of the Holy Spirit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book of Acts reveals practical ways on how a believer c an receive the Holy Spirit through the hearing of faith (Fernando 1998). On the account of Peter when acting on a command to go to the home of a Roman centurion to preach to gathering of gentiles, He declared the Lordship of Christ by saying â€Å"Whosoever believeth in Him shall receive remission of sins† Acts 10:43. While he was still addressing the crowd, the Holy Spirit fell on those who heard the word. The word of God declares â€Å"Thy sins be forgiven thee† Mark 2:5 and at the same time declares that â€Å"Christ has taken us into His favor in the person of His beloved Son† Ephesians 1:6. The Spirit of God is actually present in the word and the spirit still continues up-to-date to fall on everyone ready to hear the word of God. However, the Spirit is not only imparted through faith, but continues through perpetual impartation by faith (Gasque and Ralph 1970). Evidence of the Holy Spirit Reception The evidence at the receiving of the Holy Ghost is clearly indicated in God’s Word. The Bible do not insists on a believer to focus on visual signs, Jesus in His teachings once recorded â€Å"An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign† Mathew 12:39. However, it can be noted that the primary evidence of the Spirit is faith. Paul spoke to the Corinthians on the primacy of faith â€Å"No man can say Jesus is Lord but by the Holy Ghost† 1Corinthians 12:3. The most outstanding evidence on Spirit’s power is the process of conversion of a sinful man to a believer. The first fruits of the Spirit represents God’s gift to mankind according to Romans 8:23. Most of the human life experiences seem incomplete and unfulfilled denoting that man can never find satisfaction in their own spiritual experiences since it is only the starting point of always. Holy Ghost encourages believers to be patient, groan and endure towards the great hope awaiting the coming of our Lord Jesus. Thus, the scripture states that à ¢â‚¬Å"beyond this present feeble existence there waits a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory† 2 Corinthians 4:17. Walking by faith guarantees us the assurance that though we are imperfect and incomplete, Christ died for our sake Colossians 2:10. There is no reality in support of the issue of having ordinary Christians and Spirit-filled Christians. A man can only be either Spirit-filled Christian or non-believer according to Romans 8:9. One Christian baptism recommended by Jesus was Christian baptism which entails baptism of water and of the Holy Ghost preached through the Word of God.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Brawley, Robert L. Luke-Acts and the Jews: Conflict, Apology, and Conciliation. Society  of Biblical Literature Monograph Series. Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1987. Fernando, Ajith. Acts. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998. Gasque, W. Ward, and Ralph P. Martin, eds. Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical  and Historical Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce on His 60th Birthday. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1970. Lock, Walter. â€Å"1 Corinthians 8:1-9: A Suggestion.† The Expositor 5:6 (1897): 65–74. Talbert, Charles H., ed. Luke-Acts: New Perspectives From the Society of Biblical  Literature. New York, NY: Crossroad, 1984. Walker, William O. Jr. â€Å"Acts and the Pauline Corpus Reconsidered.† Journal for the  Study of the New Testament 24 (1985): 3–23. This research paper on Baptism of the Holy Spirit was written and submitted by user Liam O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Transmutation Definition and Examples

Transmutation Definition and Examples The word transmutation means something different to a scientist, particularly a physicist or chemist, compared to the ordinary usage of the term. Transmutation Definition (trÄÆ'ns†²myoÍžo-tÄ Ã¢â‚¬ ²shÉ™n) (n) Latin transmutare to change from one form into another.  To transmute is to change from one form or substance into another; to transform or convert. Transmutation is the act or process of transmuting. There are multiple specific definitions of transmutation, depending on the discipline. In the general sense, transmutation is any transformation from one form or species into another on.(Alchemy) Transmutation is the conversion of base elements into precious metals, such as gold or silver. The artificial production of gold, chrysopoeia, was a goal of alchemists, who sough to develop a Philosophers Stone that would be capable of the transmutation. The alchemists attempted to use chemical reactions to achieve transmutation. They were unsuccessful because nuclear reactions are required.(Chemistry) Transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element into another. Element transmutation may occur either naturally or via a synthetic route. Radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion are natural processes by which one element may become another. Scientists most commonly transmute elements by bombarding the nucleus of a target atom with particles, forcing the target to change its atomic number, and thus its elemental identity. Related Terms: Transmute (v), Transmutational (adj), Transmutative (adj), Transmutationist (n)Transmutation Examples The classic goal of alchemy was to turn the base metal  lead into the more valuable metal  gold. While alchemy did not achieve this goal, physicists and chemists learned how to transmute elements. For example, Glenn Seaborg made gold from bismuth in 1980. There are reports that Seaborg also  transmuted a minute quantity of lead into gold, possibly en route via bismuth. However, its much easier to transmute gold into lead:  Ã‚   197Au  Ã‚  n  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  198Au (half life  2.7 days) →  198Hg   n →  199Hg n →  200Hg n →  201Hg n →  202Hg n →  203Hg (half life 47 days) →  203Tl   n →  204Tl (half life 3.8 years) →  204Pb  (half life 1.4x1017  years) The Spallation Neutron Source has transmuted liquid mercury into gold, platinum, and iridium, using particle acceleration. Gold may be made using a nuclear reactor by irradiating mercury or platinum (producing radioactive isotopes). If mercury-196 is used as the starting isotope, slow neutron capture followed by electron capture can produce the single stable isotope, gold-197. Transmutation History The term transmutation may be traced back to the early days of alchemy. By the Middle Ages, attempts at alchemical transmutation were outlawed and alchemists Heinrich Khunrath and Michael Maier exposed fraudulent claims of chrysopoeia. In the 18th century, alchemy was largely supplanted by the science of chemistry, after Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton proposed atomic theory. The first true observation of transmutation came in 1901, when Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford observed thorium changing into radium via radioactive decay. According to Soddy, he exclaimed, Rutherford, this is transmutation! To which Rutherford replied, For Christs sake, Soddy, dont call it  transmutation. Theyll have our heads off as alchemists!

Smoking as a Drug Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Smoking as a Drug - Research Paper Example As such, seeking to shed a further level of emphasis upon these will be the main and focused intent of this brief analysis. Key words: smoking, health risk, death Introduction: Whereas many individuals are of the opinion that smoking is a dangerous process that threatens the overall health and well-being of the individual, the fact of the matter is that the overall scope of danger that smoking represents a much greater issue with regards to the overall addictive nature that it represents. Few people within the world understand the fact that smoking is more addicting than some of the harder street drugs that people have come to be so aware of; inclusive of LSD or even cocaine. Accordingly, as a means of categorizing this danger and promoting a level of understanding with respect to the full range of damaging impact that smoking can have upon the individual, this brief analysis will consider and discuss the litany of negative health impacts that smoking engenders. As such, it is the ho pe of this author that such an analysis will further help to congeal a level of understanding within the reader that smoking is a harmful practice that is not only restricted to impacting the individuals overall chances of lung cancer. Overall Impact: Firstly, it must be understood that smoking accounts for nearly  ½ million deaths each and every year within the United States. This is a figure that is larger than the overall number of people that succumb to HIV/AIDS, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle death, suicide, or murders combined. As such, the overall scope of the damage that smoking can have upon an individual is profound and affects their life in a number of different ways. Most obviously, high rates of lung cancer can almost entirely be attributed to smoking. Current estimates place this number from 80-90% of all lung cancer cases; depending upon what demographic and gender is measured. Regardless of the actual number, the statistics that have been provided show that smoking is invariably attributed to high rates of lung cancer and death. Yet, this statistic oftentimes confuses individuals who assume that lung cancer is the only means through which smoking can adversely impact upon the overall health of an i ndividual. However, smoking also increases the chances of developed coronary heart disease by up to 400%. Moreover, upwards of 94% of all deaths that are the result of chronic obstructive lung disease are normally caused by cancer. Yet, of all of the health impacts that can be felt, it is the health impact of cardiovascular disease that is the most overlooked. Due to the impact that nicotine has as well as the artery hardening properties of prolonged exposure to first or second hand cigarette smoke, the narrowing of blood vessels helps to put smokers at high risk for any type of blockage or obstruction that might appear in their blood. Naturally, this drastically impacts upon the overall risk of death and disease from aneurysm, stroke, and of course heart attacks. As each of these increases with risk as an individual ages, the compound effect of smoking and the risk of these diseases acts as a catalyst for many complex health issues that otherwise might not be evidenced within an in dividual’

Philosophy mind and world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy mind and world - Essay Example ogic of premises, claims and conclusion whereas Heidegger’s philosophy demands deep understanding of metaphysics in order to decipher the same distinction between the self and its existence. Descartes offers proof in the discourse in his arguments of the six meditations in which he explains the distinction between mind and body while Heidegger elucidates the self on the basis of metaphysics. It can be argued that Rene Descartes has been more successful in undertaking the task of explaining ‘Next I examined attentively what I was’ than Heidegger. While Descartes defines the difference in the mind and body in his theory of dualism in stages of meditation and the experience of the person who undergoes hierarchy of meditation Heidegger’s explanation is based purely on metaphysics and philosophical sciences. Descartes’ explanation can be understood by pure logic of premises, claims and conclusion whereas Heidegger’s philosophy demands deep understanding of metaphysics in order to decipher the distinction between the self and its existence with reference to philosophy, mind and the world. Descartes’ explanation through meditation ‘ Next I examined attentively what I was’ I saw that while I could pretend that I had no body and that there was no world and no place for me to be in , I could not for all that pretend that I did not exist. I saw on the contrary that from the truth of other things, it followed quite evidently and certainly that I existed; whereas if I had merely ceased thinking, even if everything else I had ever imagined had been true, I should have had no reason to believe that I existed. From this I knew I was a substance whose whole essence or nature is simply to think and which does not require any place or depend on any material thing in order to exist (Hatfield, Descartes, and p246). The empirical â€Å"Descartes observed: "Thus the whole of philosophy is like a tree: the roots are metaphysics, the trunk is physics, and

Defining brand identity of Indian milk producer

Defining brand identity of Indian milk producer Amul is the brand name for milk-based products manufactured by Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat started in 1946. Its major functions involve collection of milk from farmers, procuring and processing the milk and most importantly, marketing of milk and milk products. Amul is synonymous with White Revolution, instrumental in making India worlds largest milk producer India. Its product range includes milk powders, milk, butter, ghee, cheese, curd, chocolate, ice cream, cream, shrikhand, paneer, gulab jamuns, basundi, Nutramul brand and others. PART I DEFINING BRAND IDENTITY OF AMUL USING KAPFERERS MODEL According to Kapferer, more than the concepts of brand image and positioning, brand identity is more important. It is an identity which the brand defines for it self. The identity of a brand is important to ensure durability of the brand and make it more coherent and realistic. There are 6 aspects to brand identity which are addressed by Kapferers Prism Physique Refers to physical features which generate instant recall and awareness Personality A characterisation of the brand, providing it qualities and mannerisms of a human being to explain its products and services Culture Values that inspire the brand and are reflected in its products and its communication Relationship The brand in a way represents the transactions and exchanges that take place between people and forge a bond between them Reflection The brand builds an image of the user/buyer that it is addressing the image as a result of brand usage by the customer Self-Image The consumer of the brand makes an image of himself as a result of the usage of the brand Kapferers Prism for Amul Physique The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect are the unique taste of its milk products, the utterly, butterly Amul girl and the butter. Personality The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect are the facts that it is a completely Indian product, traditional and innovative, simple yet honest someone who will never cheat the consumer and only take what is its due Culture The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect are that there is a co-operative culture with emphasis on sharing and being socially responsible Relationship The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect is reliability which consumers perceive on basis of product experience. Another feature that is associated with this aspect is being sociable Amul is a part of the consumers social lives as experienced by the extensive use of Amul products Reflection The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect is the feeling of care and concern for loved ones and also, a deep respect and orientation for values. Self-Image The connotations associated with Amul with respect to this aspect include being fun-loving, a proud Indian, who at the same time, believes in quality and is a firm believer in values. PART II CHARTING THE PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE OF AMUL Amul is the brand representation for Gujarat Cooperative Milk Federation formed in 1946 to give farmers their due and protect them from unscrupulous middlemen. Apart from collecting milk, Amul had to find ways to make efficient use of the surplus milk it had which gave rise to launch and marketing of milk-derived products, starting with butter Launched in 1955, butter was one of the first milk products offered by Amul which also helped it to beat its rival, Polson Dairy. The same year, it launched ghee and skimmed milk powder which also garnered success. In 1959, came processed cheese from its stable followed by cheese powder in 1970s which by 80s, had become popular Economic reforms of 1990 brought lifestyle changes and changes in tastes. The management of GCMMF thus, wanted to go with the trends. Thus, there was emphasis on higher quality and diversification of product portfolio. An increase in milk production meant that an increase in consumption base of milk -based products was important to make its products more regular in the households. In 1996, an IMRB survey for GCMMF showed that the consumers wanted that Amul should come out with the following products ice cream, curd, paneer3, cheese, and condensed milk. Thus, the next few years were focused on these In 1997, Positioned as the Real Ice-cream, Amul Ice cream was one of the few milk-based ice creams in the market. Branded yoghurt got a start in India for the first time, when Amul came out with Masti Dahi in 1999. In January 2000, Amul launched Amul Taaza non sweetened, low fat, carton milk which served functional and lifestyle purposes. In November same year, came mozzarella cheese which had use in pizzas. 2001 saw Amul tie-up with Tata Coffee for instant coffee distribution in July while in August, they entered ready-to-eat segment with parathas, cheeseburgers and sandwiches under Snowcap brand which also had ketchup. Soon, Snowcap came out with pizzas in flavours like tomato-onion-capsicum, fruit pizza (pineapple-topped), mushroom and Jain pizzas'(pizzas without onion or garlic). Amul also entered the domain of soups called Masti in tetra packs with flavours like Hot n Sour and Tomato. In 2003, Amul discontinued its flavoured milk brand Shakti and launched Amul Kool instead in an attempt to target the youth with its cool and trendy positioning but with a nutritional base In 2007, bottled water segment caught Amuls attention and it looked to launch Narmada Neer brand of water, in the aftermath of its failed attempt earlier to market Jaldhara brand of bottled water of NDDB. In July 2008, bakery segment became the next area to venture in with the plans of GCMMF to manufacture biscuits and cakes In February 2010, GCMMF declared plans to launch a tea brand having already sold it to their milk producers at concessional rates. In July same year, came the plans to market a milk-based sports drink called Stamina which would compete directly with Gatorade and is aimed at sports professionals More recently, Amul has announced plans to launch pro-biotic lassi by the coming summer season in major metros of India having already test marketed it in Ahmedabad. PART III THE CHANGES IN COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF AMUL OVER THE YEARS The crux of all promotional strategies used by Amul is the concept of rotation. With every new product that Amul comes out with every 3-4 years, a new promotional campaign for the same is launched which helps it to stay in touch with its customers. Since Amul markets a wide range of milk-based beverages and products, it aims to move the consumers through this value chain from loose milk to better quality products with Amul providing those to the consumer The communication strategy follows a pattern of umbrella branding which means that Amul became the common name for most of its products and the promotional campaigns also tend to focus on the same aspect Amuls main strategy has always been to advertise the Amul brand and not the products as such. The communication of Amul dates back to 1966 when Sylvester Da Cunha got the account for Amul butter as before that, the advertisements were corporate in nature and quite boring. Sylvester, along with designer Eustace Fernandez, gave birth to the famous Amul moppet which since then has become the symbol for Amul. The utterly, butterly campaign began with hoardings and bus panels as media vehicles as with limited resources, that was the only possible option and also provided a much better frequency to the campaign. In its early years, Amul continued to advertise through billboards for its butter but in the late 90s, it came to realise that its image was not as savvy as its competitors and its forays in chocolates was taking a beating against rivals like Cadburys and thus, it looked to other media like TV soon leading to its all-pervasive Taste of India campaign which linked to its inherent Indianness and also became an underlying, consistent theme for its future communication strategies. In 2000, Amul got into other strategies of brand-building when it sponsored a nation-wide contest to find Amul Butter girl and Amul Cheese boy through its program Surabhi All these efforts, coupled with Amuls outstanding product quality and distribution network, meant that with just an ad budget spend of 1% of its revenues, it was able to gain significant mileage and visibility. But with passing time, came up concerns that with respect to increasing competition from players like Brittania, Nestle and others, Amul was compromising on its visibility and its effectiveness was now restricted to point-to purchase advertising. Therefore, in the last 3-4 years, Amul has gone all out in its communication strategies. In places like Delhi and Chennai where they cant put up hoardings, they are moving their topical advertisements to print. Amul is also looking to actively use digital media to its advantage with its venture into virtual world Second Life in form of virtual parlours where it intends to showcase its earlier ads and even replicate its co-operative model. Its below-the-line activities, in form of Amul Vidya Shree awards to school students and Amul Food festival are already going strong In TV, Amul is going in a completely new form as it looks to attract the youth actively to its products and has thus, rolled out campaigns like Hey Dude Wheres The Dudh? and Chill Your Dill. But amongst all this, the legendary Amul moppet will continues to hold its place as it still has legacy value for Amul and a symbol despite its efforts to woo the younger generation. With the Amul topicals continuing to draw its inspiration from contemporary events, it continues to maintain its status and relevance amongst every age group of consumers

The Protagonist’s Physical and Social Conditioning in Charlotte Perkins :: English Literature

The Protagonist’s Physical and Social Conditioning in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, protagonist, in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is trapped. Suffering from a â€Å"slight hysterical tendency† (p 676), an affliction no one really understands, her husband, a physician, prescribes a treatment, which offers her little support to be well again. Her condition is further aggravated by limitations of her social role as his wife. She is confined, controlled and devalued by her husband. She is powerless to renegotiate her situation. She is trapped by her treatment, her environment and her social role as a wife, with no hope of change. Given the hopelessness of her situation, she chooses to overpower what she can defeat, a figment of her imagination. The setting is a colonial mansion, which the husband, John, has rented as a place of respite for her recovery. It is run down and neglected, like his wife – run down from her illness and emotionally neglected, as her desires are overruled by his practicality. The mansion has housed children in the past. The nursery serves as the couple’s bedroom, where â€Å"the windows are barred† (p 677), to prevent the children from injuring themselves from a fall. Like the children, she is protected and imprisoned. This â€Å"atrocious nursery† (p 677) is covered with â€Å"a smouldering unclean yellow† (p 677) wallpaper, which becomes her obsession. Surrounding the mansion is plenty of fresh air, an aspect of her treatment. But the wife suspects an air about the house -- an air of an unwanted presence. Being isolated, the mansion is a perfect place for her confinement, another aspect of her treatment. Her husband has prescribed a version of the â€Å"rest cure†[1]. His â€Å"rest cure† amounts to being idle. The wife is a writer with artistic sensibility. She is deeply offended by the yellow wallpaper and its â€Å"sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (p 677). She needs an outlet to express herself, through writing, but is prevented from doing so, as part of her â€Å"rest†. However, she still writes, covertly. John is a physician, an expert on physical illness. Being practical, he is not predisposed to be an expert on the artistic temperament. She disagrees with her treatment, but remains silent on that issue, displaying appropriate wifely behaviours. To be appropriate, to exhibit â€Å"proper self-control† (p 676) is required as his wife in the nineteenth century. She is the property of her husband and must appear to submit to his will. John is, by modern standards, a control freak -- a well intentioned control freak. He controls her environment by choosing the mansion and the choice of

Pozzo & Lucky’s Relationship

During the two character’s appearance in act 1 we learn a lot about both characters through the relationship they have with each other. While Lucky’s lack of speech under Pozzo’s domain makes it difficult to identify his personality, we can still infer a lot about him. ‘Pig’, ‘hog’ and ‘swine’. All abusive vocatives thrown at Lucky by Pozzo. An instant indication that the relationship between these two characters is far from friendly, and makes the relationship between Vladimir and Estragon seem certainly pleasant. It is clear that Lucky acts as a type of servant to Pozzo and this is clarified when he attempts to describe their relationship in the quote â€Å"He wants to mollify me, so that I'll give up the idea of parting with him†. It is instantly clear that Pozzo’s character is extremely arrogant. He lords over the others, and he is decisive, powerful, and confident. When his character is introduced he refers to the other two as human, but as inferior beings; then he condescendingly acknowledges that there is a human likeness, even though the â€Å"likeness is an imperfect one.† This image reinforces his authoritarian god-like stance. Pozzo's superiority is also seen in the manner in which he eats the chicken, and then casts the bones to Lucky with an air of complete omnipotence. Yet there are several quotes after he becomes acquainted with Vladamir and Estragon for example â€Å"I'd very much like to sit down† and referring to them as ‘gentlemen’ which suggest that, due to his long and lonely journey, he seeks the approval of them both and to be, as he quotes ‘old friends’. This provides the audience with a hint that despite has vast knowledge he is lacking somet hing which he cannot gain from Lucky which is a companion. Together the two characters represent the antithesis of each other. From one man who seems to be incapable of not contributing his input to someone who barely speaks a word. An inexhaustible amount of polarities can be applied to their relationship. However, Beckett has left a lot of information unsaid; Pozzo tells us that his profound knowledge was taught to him through none other than Lucky himself, whether this is simply a metaphorical term is undetermined however this does hint to the audience that perhaps the two characters were once not so dissimilar. Further enigma is created through pozzo exclamation that Lucky has become insufferable: â€Å"I can't bear it . . . any longer . . . the way he goes on . . . you've no idea†. This leaves the audience alienated in terms of context, we are unaware of Lucky even speaking let alone driving someone to such an extent. This could also be seen as a malicious side to Pozzo’s character as he could potentially be lying as he sees Estragon and Vladimir warming to Lucky and is envious of that. Read also Intro to Public Relations Notes Similarities can be seen between Pozzo ; Lucky’s relationship in comparison to Vladimir ; Estragon’s, in a sense that, the two relationships have an element of irascibility. Vladimir and Estragon fail to agree on things and often find themselves in disputes, yet they are still bound by each other and depend on one another. This is, in many ways mirrored in Pozzo and Lucky’s relationship, although there is a much bigger gap in terms of authority. Despite this, the two still depend on each other and are even bound by a rope which could be representative of an umbilical cord which brings about references to religion, life and other common themes within the play. To conclude, the relationship that Pozzo and Lucky have is very significant in the play and when the tables are turned in act 2 with Pozzo losing his sight we learn a lot more about the two characters than in their introduction in act 1. The master and the servant have little in common but are bound to each other much like our main characters Vladimir and Estragon.